Smoke-stack.



H. G. TODD & G. MAYR.

SMOKE STACK.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20. 1908.

Patented Nov. 26, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H. 0. TODD & 0. MAYR. SMOKE STACK.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 20, 1908.

1,045,459. Patented N0v.26, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ill

HENRY C. TODD, 0F OAK PARK, AND CHARLES MAYR, 01* CHICAGO, ILLINQIS,

ASSIG-NORS, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, Tt) GHICAGQ EIREPUF COVERING (30., A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

SMOKE-STACK.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that we, HENRY C. Tom) and CHARLES MAYR, citizens of the United States of America, and residents of Oak Park, Cook county, Illinois, and Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Smoke Stacks, of which the following is a speci-? fication.

Cur invention relates to smoke stacks or chimneys and comprises a metal stack lined with a special material and having certain features of construction hereinafter described, and comprises a specific use of the material set out in U. S. Patent N 0. 796,164

granted to Henry C. Todd and Charles Mayr under date of August 1, 1905.

Steel has many well known advantages as a material for the construction of tall stacks for factories, power plants, large buildings, etc, but has the great disadvantage that it is quickly corroded by the combination of moisture and acid gases to which it is exposed. Actual experience has proven that the steel plates of a stack three-sixteenths of an inch thick have been so disintegrated,.by these influences after fourteen years use that a man can push his finger through the crumbling shell. To overcome this dificulty and reduce heat conductivity, such stacks have been lined with brick, but the different rates of expansion under heat of steel shell and the brick lining are liable to collapse the lining and open up cracks through which the gases pass to corrode the metals of the stack as before. Such brick linings are also heavy and require addiimproved stacks with parts broken away tional strength in stack and foundations, which means an increase in cost.

We have invented a stack lining which overcomes all these dificulties and has peculiar advantages, especially when applied in the manner shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevationof one of our and'parts in section. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a. portion of one side of a stack showing our preferred'method of construction. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a portion of the stack on line 3-3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective view of a b QCk of the lining or filling material, and Fig. 5 is a modified detail.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed April 20, 1908;. serial No. @3987.

. irons are fastened to the shell by which may also pass through the ring 9,"

plied. The space between Patented Nov. as, was.

Throughout the drawings, like reference figures indicate like parts.

The steel part of the stack comprises the shell 1, the angle iron steps 2, 2, the angle cleats 3 and 4:,the top ring 5, and cornice 6. Preferably, the cleats 3 and 4 are held to the steps 2, 2, by long pins 7, 7, passing through the flanges and cleats, and the step rivets 8, 8,

whichserves as a coupling to the next sec tion of the shell, to which latter section it is fastened by rivets 10.

The fillin of curved b ocks, 11, 11, of light, fireproof, moisture proof and acid proof material, held 1n place by the cleats 3 and 4., and pins 7, 7 and the inner continuous facing 12 of cement or similar materials. Preferably the blocks 11 are recessed as shown at 13, 13, to allow the cleats to lie flush with the inner face of the block and present a smooth surface to which the cement lining may be apthe ends of the blocks 11, which project beyond the angle iron steps 2, is filled with a massof cement 14. This makes the lining continuous, protects the angle iron steps and fills up the ends of the air cells in the blocks 11, 11, so as'to prevent circulation of air. This formation of dead air cells composing a large proportion of the bulk of the lining material assists greatly in improving the heat non-conducting character of the lining.

The preferred material for the filling and lining blocks is asbestos treated with a solution of silicateof alumina in a mixture of water and silicate of soda; The silicate of alumina should preferably be hydrated. A silicate of alumina giving good results contains, silica 55 per cent.,1. alumina 26 per cent, iroif sesquioxid 3 per cent, water 16 per cent. The treating solution should preferably contain by weight from to 63 per cent. of water, from-11 to 16 per cent. of silicate of soda, of silicate of alumina, depending on the degree of heat to which the article is to be subected baking, the larger amount of water being used when the degree of heat to be used in baking is lower, and the smaller amount of water when a higher'degree is to be used in baking. The asbestos is prefer? ably prepared inv cellular formcomposed of and from 20 to 35 per cent.

or lining consists of a series alternate sheets of fiat and corrugated asbes for a number of days at a certain degree of temperature, or a less number of; days at a higher temperature, according to thickness, etc. Approximately the baking may be defined as 600 day-degrees Fahrenheit, that is to say, it may continue one day at a temperature of 600 degrees, or two days at 300 degrees, or one day at 150 degrees, one at 200 and one at 250 degrees, etc. During this baking the silicate of soda forms a hydrated molecular combination with the silicate of alumina, so that cold water has no effect on the baked block and warm water will extract only the traces of surplus carbonate of soda occurring in the commercial silicate of soda used for the treating solution. Of course the blocks might also be formed of loose asbestos fiber alone or mixed with a filler treated with this solution and molded and baked. The product resulting from either process which we call hydrasbestus is peculiarly fitted for stack linings, as it is light in weight, waterproof, fire roof and acid proof. It is especially suited to withstand sulfurous acid gas (S0,) which merely neutralizes the silicate of soda (SiO Na on the exposed surface of the lining and sets free silica which forms a binder for the surface still stronger and more impervious to gases than the original compound. I

In operating our invention each section of shell with the step angle-iron 2 and ring 9 are assembled and riveted in the shop. When placed in position on the job the sections are fastened together by rivets 10. The blocks 11 are then put in the lower shell, and the cleats 3 and 4: are added, the cleats 3 overhanging the said blocks 11 of the next lower section. The pins 7, 7, are then passed through the metal parts and into the blocks 11 below. The operation is repeated as each section is added 'and as the last step the inner lining or facing of cement 12 is added. This cement is formed of the treating solution reduced to a plastic mass.

Besides the advantages resulting from light weight, and resistance to moisture, acid fumes and heat, this lining is a fine non-conductor of heat so that with a temperature of 600 degrees Fahrenheit in the stack, the metal shell will rarely be raised 30 degrees above the temperature of the external air. The result is largely due to the air cell character of the lining, the spaces formed in each block 11, by the corrugations of its component sheets are closed at top and bottom by the angle iron steps 2, and the cement bodies 14. This not only increases the chimney draft by preventing the cooling of the gases of combustion, but it renders the use of the stack particularly advantageous in buildings, as it does not heat the adjacent apartments unpleasantly in hot weather. The extra cost of the hydrasbestus lining over brick is more than compensated for by the saving in cost of foundations, floor supports, expansion rests, and reduced diameter of shell. A two inch hydrasbestus lining takes the place of a six inch brick lining, thus permitting an eight inch reduction in shell diameter'for a stack of given capacity. The method of assembling the parts illustrated permits the stack sections to expand lengthwise "without pulling the'blocks in two, and the material is in fact sufficiently elastic to adapt itself to movements of the stack without rupture of the continuity of the innerlining 12. In case of repairs, any set of cleats can be removed-by withdrawing the loose pin 7, 7, and a new block put in without the necessity of cutting rivets or rusted nuts. 7

Having, therefore, described our invention, we claim:

1. The combination in a smoke stack, of a metal shell, angle iron steps fastened to the interior thereof, upwardly and downwardly extending cleats fastened to said steps and a lining of blocks of non-heat con ducting, fireproof material fitted in between said steps and cleats.

2. The combination in a smoke stack,of a metal shell, angle iron steps fastened to the interior thereof, upwardly and downwardly extending cleats fastened to said steps and a lining of blocks of non-heat conducting, fireproof material fitted in between said steps and cleats, together with pins extending through the steps and cleats into the upper ends of each series of blocks.

3. The combination in a smoke stack, of

a metal shell, angle iron steps fastenedto ducting, fireproof material fitted in between said steps and'cleats, together with a continuous lining of cement covering the blocks, cleats and steps,

5. The combination in a smoke stack, of ment between the ends of the blocks and ad- 1( v a metal shell, angliron steps fastened to joining the angle iron steps. the interior thereof, upwardly and down- Signed at Oak Park, 111., this 14th day wardly extending cleats fastened to said of April, 1908.

5 steps and a linin of blocks of non-heat con- HENRY O. TODD. ducting, fireproo material fitted in between CHARLES MAYR. said steps and cleats, said blocks being Witnesses: formed of asbestos in cellular form and A. E. WALTHIER,

waterproofed, together with a ring of ce- A. L. HARVEY. 

